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Vaccines and antigen presentation

Personalised mRNA neoantigen vaccine

Analyses tumour mutations, encodes selected neoantigens in mRNA and uses lipid nanoparticles to deliver those instructions for immune recognition.

How it worksSamples and manufacturing process
mRNA
Technology basis
mRNA and lipid nanoparticles
Samples and tests
Tumour and matched normal samples
Key feature
Personalised antigen encoding

Overview

Neoantigens are abnormal protein fragments arising from tumour mutations. Personalised mRNA technology compares tumour and normal samples, selects candidate neoantigens and encodes them in mRNA. Cells produce the antigens, which antigen-presenting cells process and display to T cells.

How it works

  1. 01

    Find tumour differences

    Compare tumour and normal genetic information and analyse RNA expression to identify candidate tumour-specific mutations.

  2. 02

    Encode and deliver

    Encode selected antigens in mRNA and package it in lipid nanoparticles to protect it and support cellular uptake.

  3. 03

    Present the antigens

    After cellular production, antigens are displayed through HLA/MHC molecules to T cells, aiming to direct an antigen-specific immune response.

This illustrates the mechanism. Antigen-specific immune responses do not establish clinical benefit, which requires separate evidence.

Technology approach

This approach manufactures an antigen-encoding mRNA formulation rather than engineering the patient’s T cells into CAR-T cells. Administration follows the specific protocol. Personalised mutation-based designs differ from approaches using preselected shared antigens.

Samples and manufacturing process

This outlines the main technical stages. Sampling, manufacturing and quality-testing time vary with the protocol and samples.

  1. 01

    Samples and sequencing

    Review existing tumour tissue and obtain matched normal material as required. Perform whole-exome sequencing and tumour RNA analysis as needed.

  2. 02

    Neoantigen selection and design

    Select candidates using mutations, expression and predicted HLA binding, then design the encoding sequence.

  3. 03

    mRNA synthesis and packaging

    Produce mRNA by in-vitro transcription, purify it and encapsulate it in lipid nanoparticles.

  4. 04

    Quality testing and observation

    Test sequence identity, content, purity, encapsulation and microbiological quality. Administration and immune monitoring follow the specific protocol.

Samples and assessment considerations
  • Confirm pathology, specimen type, tumour content and nucleic-acid quality; assess whether existing tissue is sufficient.
  • Use tumour and normal sequencing, RNA expression and HLA information to select candidates. Predictions do not guarantee immune responses to every antigen.
  • Review previous treatment, current medicines and health when planning samples and subsequent steps.

Monitoring and follow-up

Immune responses and observation

Observe local and systemic reactions and assess antigen-specific T-cell responses as specified. Imaging, symptoms and other clinical measures require separate evaluation.

Quality control and safety monitoring

Possible effects include injection-site reactions, fever, fatigue, allergy or other immune-related reactions. Combined treatments add their own risks; consult the protocol.

Common questions

How does mRNA differ from a peptide vaccine?

mRNA provides instructions for cells to produce antigens; peptides supply synthetic antigen fragments. Both involve antigen presentation, and the platform alone cannot establish comparative benefit.

Will new tumour tissue be needed?

Existing samples are checked first. Quantity, tumour content and storage affect suitability; clinicians decide whether another sample is necessary.

Related programmes

Peptide

Personalised neoantigen peptide vaccine

Explore the programmeLM-DC

LM-DC antigen-presenting cell technology

Explore the programmeTCR-T

TCR-T engineered T-cell therapy

Explore the programme

Programme enquiries and records

HuaCure helps organise existing records, clarify programme requirements and coordinate specialist enquiries. Explore the technology, then discuss your circumstances with the medical team.

Enquire about assessment

This website provides information, not medical advice. Healthcare providers assess diagnosis, treatment suitability, risks and research eligibility. HuaCure coordinates care and does not guarantee outcomes or study enrolment.

Compiled from programme technical materials and public medical sources to explain mechanisms and processes. It is not an individual medical recommendation or a promise of benefit.

Sources

Public information checked: 7 October 2026